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#Staghorn calculus license
The partnership allows the researchers from the university to publish their research under an Open Access license with specified fee discounts. īentham Open Welcomes Sultan Idris University of Education (UPSI) as Institutional Memberīentham Open is pleased to welcome Sultan Idris University of Education (UPSI), Malaysia as Institutional Member. AUA recommends nephrec-tomy for non-functioning kidney with staghorn calculi and avoid SWL for staghorn formed predominantly with cystine. Combination of PNL and shock-wave lithotripsy (SWL) 3. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) monotherapy 2. The American Urological Association (AUA) has proposed four modalities as potential therapeutic alternatives for staghorn calculi: 1. Treatment involves complete removal of the stone, as small residual fragments can act as a nidus for infection and recurrent stone formation. The generation of ammonia and hydroxide from urea by these bacteria creates an alkaline environment that promotes crystallization of struvite in the urine. The clinical characteristics that are commonly associated with staghorn configuration include: women, neurogenic bladder, ureteral diversion to ileum and recurrent urinary tract infection with urease producing bacteria (such as Proteus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas and Enterobacter). Cystine, uric acid and calcium oxalate/phosphate components rarely form staghorn calculi. Approximately 70% of staghorn calculi are composed of mixtures of magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) and/or calcium carbonate apatite. The term “partial” or “complete” staghorn calculus designates a branched stone that occupies part or the entire pelvicaliceal system. The renal calices and pelvis (arrows), simulating excretory phase Dilated calices are also present in the leftģD volume rendered image shows calculi forming a cast of Projection non contrast CT scan image shows calculi filling the ( 2).īilateral staghorn calculi in a 50 year old female patient A CT scan of a complete staghorn calculus with 3D volume rendered image is shown in Fig. Associated caliceal dilatation with staghorn calculi is identified on computed tomogram (CT) scan as shown in Fig. On plain radiograph, vast majority of staghorn calculi are radio-opaque. Staghorn calculi can damage the kidney and/or lead to life threatening urosepsis.
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